RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Henneguya Thélohan, 1892 (Myxobolidae) is one of the most species-rich genera of myxosporean parasites infecting fish. Although common in nature, there are few reports of these parasites causing important disease in aquaculture. In this paper, we describe a new species of Henneguya infecting Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), a fish host introduced to the Mediterranean Sea from Japan in the late 1980s. RESULTS: Large plasmodia of the parasite were found in the bulbus arteriosus and in the ventricle of the infected fish. Spores were found mainly in the kidney and heart and were accompanied by melanized macrophages or vascular intimal proliferation mixed with a mild non-suppurative response, respectively. Comparisons of morphometric data for spore and polar capsule length and width, suggest a unique combination of features in the newly described species. Molecular analysis, based on 18S rDNA sequence of the parasite, followed by phylogenetic analysis, indicated that the parasite described here is a novel species of Henneguya, clustered with the marine congeneric species. CONCLUSIONS: Henneguya aegea n. sp. infects in aquaculture P. major, a host introduced as eggs to the Mediterranean from Japan. Despite the high host specificity of the myxobolid parasites, H. aegea n. sp. seems to be able to use P. major as a host and propagate successfully, causing morbidity and mortality. This could result in spillback of the new species from high density cultured non-native P. major to native fish hosts.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Myxozoa/patogenicidade , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Perciformes/parasitologia , Animais , Aquicultura , Vasos Sanguíneos/parasitologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/patologia , DNA de Protozoário/química , DNA de Protozoário/isolamento & purificação , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Grécia , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Ventrículos do Coração/parasitologia , Rim/parasitologia , Rim/patologia , Fígado/parasitologia , Fígado/patologia , Mar Mediterrâneo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Myxozoa/classificação , Myxozoa/genética , Myxozoa/ultraestrutura , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/patologia , Filogenia , Esporos de Protozoários/genética , Esporos de Protozoários/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The crista terminalis (CT) is a well-defined fibromuscular crest formed by the union of the venous sinus and the primitive right auricle, which extends along the posterolateral face of the right atrial wall. The pectinate muscles (PM) are muscular crests which extend anterolaterally from the CT to the auricle and may present in a series of variable shapes and sizes. The biggest and most prominent PM is called the taenia sagittalis (TS). PM with highly trabeculated muscle fibres predispose patients to the occurrence of arrhythmias. The present article is a descriptive study of the anatomical and biometric characteristics of the right atrium. We studied 30 hearts of adult Chilean individuals, aged between 18 and 84 years, of both sexes, with no apparent cardiac pathology, belonging to the Normal Human Anatomy Unit of the Basic Sciences Department of Universidad de La Frontera. The samples were washed with distilled water and immediately placed in formalin at 10%. The atria were first separated from the ventricles, then opened perpendicularly through the intercaval zone to give access to the interior. The distribution of pectinate muscles found, according to the classification of Loukas et al. (2008) and Siddiqui et al. (2013), was as follows: Type I, 20%; Type II, 23.3%; Type III, 23.3%; Type IV, 6.7%; Type V, 6.7%; Type VI, 20%. TS was found to be present in 46.6% of the hearts examined, two or more TS in 29.8% and no TS in 23.6%. The length of the pectinate muscles is variable; the shortest are located on the medial wall. Six types of pectinate muscle patterns were observed
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Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Átrios do Coração/anatomia & histologia , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Taenia , Biometria/métodos , Estudos Transversais , ChileAssuntos
Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagem , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatias/cirurgia , Terapia Combinada , Tosse/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dispneia/etiologia , Equinococose/complicações , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/tratamento farmacológico , Equinococose/cirurgia , Equinococose Pulmonar/complicações , Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Equinococose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Humanos , Pulmão/parasitologia , Masculino , Neoplasias do Mediastino/diagnóstico , Mediastino/parasitologia , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/secundário , Radiografia , Ultrassonografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Canine heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis is an important disease of dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to estimate the prevalence of canine heartworm disease and evaluate cases of caval syndrome in dogs submitted for necropsy in Grenada. Out of 1617 dogs necropsied over a period of 13 years (2001-2013), 249 were found to be infected with D. immitis; giving an overall prevalence of 15.4% (95% confidence interval, 13.6% to 17.1%). There was no significant difference between male and female dogs with respect to canine heartworm infection (p = 0.3). During this period, the annual prevalence of canine heartworm disease was 22% in 2001 before slightly declining to an average of 18% in 2002-2003 and peaking at 26.8% in 2004-2005. From 2006 onwards, annual prevalence rates have steadily been decreasing; reaching the lowest (9%) in 2013. Among the 249 positive cases, 33 (13.2%) of the dogs had caval syndrome. Caval syndrome cases presented with concurrent clinical signs and were associated with cardio-pulmonary and hepatic gross lesions at necropsy. Aberrant migration of D. immitis was also noted in 2 dogs with caval syndrome. This is the first report which presents the findings of canine heartworm disease with caval syndrome in Grenada.
Assuntos
Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Animais , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Feminino , Granada/epidemiologia , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/parasitologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/veterinária , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Veia Cava Inferior/parasitologia , Veia Cava Inferior/patologiaRESUMO
This paper describes a case of dirofilariasis in a two-year old, female grey wolf (Canis lupus lupus). The autopsy revealed the presence of 42 adult forms of Dirofilaria immitis in the pulmonary artery, right ventricle and right atrium, varying in length from 9.5 to 30 cm. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the second report of D. immitis in grey wolves in Serbia. Our finding confirms that the wolf, as a subspecies distinct from the dog, should also be considered as a very suitable definitive host for dirofilariasis.
Assuntos
Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose/diagnóstico , Dirofilariose/patologia , Animais , Autopsia , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Ventrículos do Coração/parasitologia , Artéria Pulmonar/parasitologia , Sérvia , LobosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) can affect the heart and the vena cava but few cases are reported. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 11 patients with cardiac and/or endovascular CE, followed-up over a period of 15 years (1995-2009) is reported. RESULTS: Main clinical manifestations included thoracic pain or dyspnea, although 2 patients were asymptomatic. Cysts were located mostly in the right atrium and inferior vena cava. Nine patients were previously diagnosed with disseminated CE. Echocardiography was the diagnostic method of choice, although serology, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and histology aided with diagnosis and follow-up. Nine patients underwent cardiac surgery and nine received long-term antiparasitic treatment for a median duration of 25 months (range 4-93 months). One patient died intra-operatively due to cyst rupture and endovascular dissemination. Two patients died 10 and 14 years after diagnosis, due to pulmonary embolism (PE) and cardiac failure, respectively. One patient was lost to follow-up. Patients who had cardiac involvement exclusively did not have complications after surgery and were considered cured. There was only one recurrence requiring a second operation. Patients with vena cava involvement developed PEs and presented multiple complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular CE is associated with a high risk of potentially lethal complications. Clinical manifestations and complications vary according to cyst location. Isolated cardiac CE may be cured after surgery, while endovascular extracardiac involvement is associated with severe chronic complications. CE should be included in the differential diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in patients from endemic areas.
Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/terapia , Cardiopatias/parasitologia , Doenças Vasculares/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Criança , Equinococose/parasitologia , Equinococose/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/patologia , Cardiopatias/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Cirurgia Torácica , Resultado do Tratamento , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/patologia , Doenças Vasculares/terapia , Veia Cava Inferior/parasitologia , Veia Cava Inferior/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Carval syndrome is a severe heartworm infection where the worms have migrated to the right atrium and vena cava; this condition is associated with a myriad of clinical signs. Several non-surgical and interventional methods are currently used for mechanical worm removal. However, the success rate and complications related to these methods are heavily dependent on methodology and retrieval devices used. In this study, we developed a catheter-guided heartworm removal method using a retrieval basket that can easily access pulmonary arteries and increase the number of worms removed per procedure. With this technique, we successfully treated four dogs with caval syndrome.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco/veterinária , Dirofilaria immitis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Dirofilariose/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Animais , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Cateterismo Cardíaco/métodos , Cães , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Masculino , Veias Cavas/parasitologia , Veias Cavas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Carval syndrome is a severe heartworm infection where the worms have migrated to the right atrium and vena cava; this condition is associated with a myriad of clinical signs. Several non-surgical and interventional methods are currently used for mechanical worm removal. However, the success rate and complications related to these methods are heavily dependent on methodology and retrieval devices used. In this study, we developed a catheter-guided heartworm removal method using a retrieval basket that can easily access pulmonary arteries and increase the number of worms removed per procedure. With this technique, we successfully treated four dogs with caval syndrome.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Dirofilaria immitis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentação , Veias Cavas/parasitologiaAssuntos
Equinococose/patologia , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Cardiopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiopatias/parasitologia , HumanosRESUMO
A sixty-six year-old male patient with the complaint of palpitation presented at the out-patient clinic of the thorax diseases department. The patient underwent open heart surgery (cystectomy and capitonage) for the cystic hydatidosis which was located on the front wall of the right atrium and extended to the atrioventricular cleavage. Albendazol treatment (2 x 400 mg/3 months) was given postoperatively. The complaints of the patient reoccurred 2 years later, and a cystic formation measuring 45 cm by 2.5 cm was observed by transoesaphageal echocardiography. During pathological examination, the specimen obtained from the patient during surgery was diagnosed as cystic hydatic disease, and a final diagnosis was made after the observation of scoleces and hooks in the microbiology and parasitology laboratory. Cyst ingredients were centrifuged, and then stained with carbol-fuchsin, methylene blue, Giemsa, and Ziehl Nielsen methods in order to see scoleces and hooks of the parasite. The authors presented this case both because of the rare location and staining characteristics of the parasite with different staining methods.
Assuntos
Equinococose/cirurgia , Echinococcus granulosus/isolamento & purificação , Cisto Mediastínico/cirurgia , Idoso , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/tratamento farmacológico , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Humanos , Masculino , Cisto Mediastínico/diagnóstico por imagem , Cisto Mediastínico/tratamento farmacológico , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Cardiac hydatid cysts are very rare in hydatid cyst disease. We report herein a case of hydatid cyst mimicking left atrial myxoma. A 78-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaint of dyspnea and signs pulmonary edema and mitral stenosis. Echocardiography showed left atrial mobile, mostly solid mass with wall calcifications moving towards the orifice of the mitral valve. We also found loculated giant hepatic and right pulmonary cysts. We aimed to report this case because of mimicking mitral stenosis and left atrial myxoma and causing heart failure.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial/parasitologia , Baixo Débito Cardíaco/parasitologia , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico , Mixoma/diagnóstico , Idoso , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Equinococose/complicações , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/parasitologia , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/patologia , Cardiopatias/complicações , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/parasitologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicações , Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Estenose da Valva Mitral/complicações , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Mixoma/complicações , Mixoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Hydatid cyst of the heart is an uncommon lesion. Reported is the case of a 24-year-old female patient admitted with a history of chest pain and hemoptysis, and a mass lesion in the right atrium. Investigations and intraoperative intervention revealed the mass to be a hydatid cyst located in the right atrium, along with hydatid cysts of the liver and both lungs. The right atrial mass was successfully removed under cardiopulmonary bypass.
Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Adulto , Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Equinococose Hepática/diagnóstico , Equinococose Hepática/cirurgia , Equinococose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Equinococose Pulmonar/cirurgia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Echinococcosis is a frequently encountered parasitic disease in the Mediterranean region, including Turkey. Cardiac disease is seen in 0.5-2% of patients. Usually the cysts are located within the pericardium or intramyocardially; intracavitary localization of the cyst is rarely seen. We herein report a patient who initially presented with hemoptysis and was echocardiographically diagnosed to have an intra-atrial hydatid cyst. Although patients with cardiac hydatid cysts may present with cardiac symptoms, symptoms typically involve other organ systems, following dissemination of the organism. Therefore, echocardiographic screening of patients who are diagnosed with echinococcosis, even if they have no cardiac symptoms, may ensure early diagnosis and prevent development of lethal complications, such as cyst rupture or embolization.
Assuntos
Equinococose/diagnóstico , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/parasitologia , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Lactente , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Cardiac hydatid cysts are rare; the right atrial location is even rarer and carries serious complications. We report three cases of cardiac hydatid cyst of the right atrium. The first patient died in the postoperative period due to right heart failure and massive tracheal bleeding. The course of the disease of the two other patients was uneventful. Echocardiography is the most informative technique for identifying and localising the cyst before surgery. Right atrium hydatid cyst should be treated by early surgical excision with a view to prevent the risk of pulmonary embolism.
Assuntos
Equinococose/patologia , Cardiopatias/parasitologia , Adulto , Criança , Equinococose/diagnóstico por imagem , Equinococose/cirurgia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/patologia , Cardiopatias/cirurgia , Humanos , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Dirofilaria immitis infection is an important parastic disease in many mammals, especially canids, but has not been reported in bird hosts. Filarial worms were isolated from the lumen of the right atrium of the heart and the connective tissue of the lung of a captive female Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, that died at a zoo in Japan. One of these worms was observed morphologically and identified as D. immitis by features such as 4 pairs of cephalic papillae, 1 pair of cervical papillae, esophagus divided into 2 regions, 4 pairs of pre-anal papillae, 5 pairs of post-anal papillae, and unequal spicules. In addition, the partial DNA sequence (234 bp) of mitochondrial CO / gene of the filarial worm was identical to that of D. immitis. This is the first report of D. immitis infection in a bird.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Spheniscidae/parasitologia , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Tecido Conjuntivo/parasitologia , DNA de Helmintos/análise , DNA Mitocondrial/análise , Dirofilaria immitis/anatomia & histologia , Dirofilaria immitis/genética , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Japão , Pulmão/parasitologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
Cardiac cysthydatid is rare pathology and is seen in 0.5 to 2% of echinococcal infections. It is found in the left ventricle most frequently and then in the right ventricle. We present a case with a ruptured cysthydatid at the right atrium's interatrial septum and multiple cysthydatids localized at the outer surface of the left ventricle's apex, which necessitated a synchronized coronary revascularization with our diagnosis and surgical procedure modalities. Our patient was a 61-year-old man with complaints of fever, dyspnea, tachycardia and chest pain, which began 2 months before admittance. An echocardiography in our clinic revealed a 4.7 x 1.7 centimeter, pediculled, going in and out to tricuspidal inflow, cystic mass adherent to the interatiral septum in the right atrium, which prompted immediate hospitalization. He was in New York Heart Association Class II. His electrocardiography (EKG) showed ischemia at inferior and lateral surfaces, so we performed a coronary angiography and determined a severe stenosis at the proximal part of the left anterior descending artery. His EKG showed ischemia at the inferior and lateral surfaces, so we performed a coronary angiography and determined a severe stenosis at the proximal part of the left anterior descending artery. His preoperative biochemical parameters were normal, and cysthydatid serology tests were negative. With these results,l we planned a synchronized surgical procedure for coronary artery disease with multiple cardiac cysthydatids. During operation, after the right atriotomy, a fragile cystic mass with a ruptured image and dimensions of 5 x 2 x 2 centimeters, originating from the interatrial septum and in a conglomerate form, was resected and extirpated. The left atrium was not involved. Then, 3 masses with dimensions of 2 x 2 centimeters, which were not diagnosed with the echocardiogram, at the epicardial surface of the left ventricle apex were excised. The defected part of the left ventricle was repaired with teflon felt supports for rupture prophylaxis. Then, a left internal mammary artery graft, which was prepared at the beginning of the operation, was anastomosed to LAD. The patient didn't have any additional problem during the postoperative period, and he was discharged at 1 week after surgery. To avoid recurrence, the patient was prescribed albendazole as a prophylaxis for the duration of 2 months. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of cysthydatid. Patients with cardiac cysthydatid can be asymptomatic or can cause minimal nonspecific symptoms for years. The condition can be lethal if not diagnosed and treated. The primary treatment for cysthydatid is surgery. Echocardiography is an important diagnostic method for cysthydatid. Serological tests can produce negative results if the immune responses of the patient is not sufficient, so it must be remembered in the endemic places for echinococcus.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/parasitologia , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Revascularização Miocárdica , Cardiomiopatias/cirurgia , Equinococose/cirurgia , Átrios do Coração/parasitologia , Ventrículos do Coração/parasitologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A 25-year-old woman who had hydatid cysts in her lung was referred to our clinic for the hydatid cyst in her cardiac localization. Multiple hydatid cysts of different cardiac localizations were diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography, confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, supported by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for echinococcosis. Surgical resection was performed for the right atrial cyst and pathology confirmed the diagnosis. Oral albendazole treatment was given postoperatively. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:204-207, 2000.